Reflection On Reflective Teaching - 1502 Words

To truly reflect on one’s own teaching, to collect information on what you do in the classroom and to think about why you do it, is not always an easy task or something that comes natural to all people. The process involves self-observation and self-evaluation, which at times can be very difficult to do and can be difficult to do correctly. However, if a teacher will take the time to continually practice reflective teaching, the teacher will be able to identify underlying beliefs, which can then lead to positive changes and improvements in his or her own teaching. Therefore, for me reflective teaching is my own personalized professional development. Before taking any grad classes and before being required to reflect on every field†¦show more content†¦In addition to this, I learned that I tend to focus on identifying only what I perceive to be my faults and failures for each activity. However, by having to complete the required reflections, I now understand how impor tant it is to also give equal time to reflect on all of the things that went right in my activities, and I am able to do this. I have also learned that action research is a great way to begin the process of reflection. By just identifying a particular problem or an area of need that has arisen in my classroom, I can begin the process of reflective teaching and learn more about the way I am actually teaching. Plus, I have learned that while taking notes in the margins of my lesson plans was a good beginning to reflective teaching, it can’t end just there. I need to expand the ways I observe and record data, by using more peer observations, recording lessons, and obtaining student feedback. Once I have the information I need, I have learned that I need to spend much more time thinking and talking about it. Through careful reflection I will be able to notice patterns that are occurring in my teaching, as well as possibly notice things I was previously unaware of. Talking with ot hers will help me come up with more ideas on how to do things differently. Finally, perhaps the biggest thing I have learned is that reflective teaching is a very cyclical process. OnceShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Reflective Teaching758 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper: Reflective Teaching It’s not easy for every person in the teaching filed to be a good and professional teacher without working hard on adjusting and being able to change and use different methods in teaching that they have not used. As a person who wants to be a great teacher in the future, I find that using different methods of teaching and being able to reflect on my teaching by trying new ways of teaching and getting feedback from my colleagues and my students are essential pointsRead MoreReflective Practice in the Classroom1629 Words   |  7 PagesReflective practice – A tool for learning Introduction/Rationale When something goes wrong or something unexpected happens during a lesson or activity, we ask ourselves questions such as, could I have done something to avoid it? These experiences usually make us grow and we learn from experience, and we will be better prepared to face the situation if it happened again. This introspection is generally called â€Å"reflection†, and all professionals have adopted it in order to improve their practiceRead MoreThe Activity Of Doing Action Research Among Iranian Teachers1540 Words   |  7 Pagesinterviewing with professional teachers, since reflection is an unfamiliar terminology among Iranian learners and teachers which has not been practically used yet. Thus, they can gain the best possible reflective and successful as well as practical and effective outcome. Teachers on the other hand have the responsibility of helping the students which could guide them to become better, autonomous learners through different procedures and ways of reflecti on. As the results which were investigated in advanceRead MoreDebriefing Simulation As A Reflective Tool1034 Words   |  5 PagesDebriefing in the simulation as a reflective tool Simulation is one kind of reflective tool that widely use in nursing education. National League for Nursing (NLN) described that simulation was a teaching technique that encouraged students to use and apply their theoretical knowledge in clinical scenarios (2015). NLN (2015) also mentioned that â€Å"simulation engages learners with diverse perspectives to reflect and reframe the understanding of practice, bringing thinking and doing together† (p. 4)Read Morecomparing relevant theories principles and models of reflective practice965 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Comparing relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice In this evaluation I will analyse and compare relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice and explain how they relate to my practice and development. Reflective practice is an evolving concept. In the 1930s, John Dewey defined reflective thought as: ‘Active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the furtherRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflectiveRead MoreWhat Effective Practice Really Means1690 Words   |  7 PagesIn everyday life if we want to improve on something that we have done, we must be open to reflection, so that we can identify our strengths and weaknesses and find areas that can be improved on. As the GTCNI competence Framework states, â€Å"Teachers should keep curricular, subject and pedagogical knowledge up-to-date through reflection, self-study and collaboration with colleagues.† (Internet source 1) By taking this into consideration it is then evident that just like in everyday life, if teachersRead MoreReflection Of The Confucius A Chinese Philosopher s Saying Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice I would like to start my essay by sharing the Confucius a Chinese philosopher’s saying: By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) Chinese Philosopher Definition of Reflective Practice: This practice is one of the oldest theory that experienced by ancient Greeks over 2500 years ago as a concept of intention in exploration of truthRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 PagesCoaching Literature, it has been established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse and evaluate my ownRead MoreReflective Practices and Health Care Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, reflection and reflective practice have become well-known term with in the health care arena. They are words that have been debated and discussed with in the health care setting (Tony and Sue 2006). Reflective practice is essential for nurses, as nurses are responsible for providing care to the best of their ability to patients and their families (NMC, 2008). Reid (1993) states reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate

What is most valued in modern day society Free Essays

What does an American civilian think is more important; being their own person or fitting in with everyone else? It seems as if the modern day American residents want to fit into a criteria that â€Å"everybody else is doing it† you can tell based on the products they purchase, or the actions they take. We can tell Americans care about conformity more than being their own person because of the present day products. 7% percent f teenagers already have an ‘phone while 62% percent of teenagers say they are going to purchase an Apple ‘phone for their next phone. We will write a custom essay sample on What is most valued in modern day society? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 51% said they already owned an apple product such as an pod, pad, or Mac. (philanderer. Com) If 47% of teens own an ‘phone that only leaves 53% to the other smartness. More people have an ‘phone than any other smartened. This is a perfect example of conformity in America, everyone wants the latest and greatest. Products do not stop at electronics, brand name clothing and accessories. Many of these products are Just as ell made as other non-brand name products but because of the label on the merchandise not only does the demand go up, but so does the price because there is knowledge that the brand name will bring in more customers. Products are not the only thing that proves that modern day Americans care more about conformity more than being an individual based on their actions. People in this country will change almost anything about themselves to â€Å"fit in† from their hair, their make up, their clothing to what they put into their bodies. Tobacco usage, for instance. Young people are more likely to smoke tobacco if their peers smoke or if they see tobacco usage as a social normality. â€Å"Each day in the United States, more than 3,200 people younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette, and an estimated 2,100 youth and young adults who have been occasional smokers become daily cigarette smokers† (Youth and Tobacco Use) If there was no social influence on tobacco then why would people start smoking it? With all the knowledge we know today about how armful tobacco is to a person’s body, why would someone go out of their way to spend money on cigarettes? Tobacco is a perfect example of conformity being valued more than individuality. All in all the products purchased and the actions taken by present day Americans clearly show that Americans value conformity more than individuality. Conformity is not always a bad thing, sometimes a person might enjoy fitting in’ somewhere or feeling like they belong. It can be difficult sometimes to be an individual when it feels like the whole world has another idea of how things should be. How to cite What is most valued in modern day society?, Papers

Individual Reflective Essay free essay sample

The first term study of International Business Environment nearly finished. During the process of reviews, I have acquired not only new knowledge about International Business Environment but also learnt a new way of thinking. For instance, the significant event in the world, Brexit has just happened, after these studies of this subject, I can think about this event from its impact on the world and the UK. Brexit leads to a fall of GDP and employment of the UK, and the value of pounds have also decreased during the event. According to the results of Brexit, I have known that the globalisation is the necessary trend of the world, any activities against the trend will damage itself even strong and powerful like the UK.I had a better understanding of Global Risks, and there are five main challenges that world now faces. These five sectors are economic inequalities and the gap between rich and poor, social polarisation, growing mood of anti-establishment populism in geopolitics and environmental problem. We have also disgusted possible solutions about these sectors in classes. The governments could recover the growth and reform economy, rebuild communities for society and reduce the conflicts in the nation, increasing the development of society and managing disruption for the technology sector, strengthening cooperation between countries to ease geopolitical issues and accelerating actions on environmental management. The development of technology is way ahead the stage of society and environment, conflicts of the The Culture Differences is also an essential part of the studies, culture is a shared way of life of a group of socially interacting people (Morrison, 2017), the main sectors of culture are values, attitudes and language, are rooted in social groupings like peoples and nations. Despite the overwhelming trend of globalisation, national differences still exist. Cultural learning causes the gradual process of cultural integration, or crossvergece, which is a growing cosmopol itan culture and lifestyle, perceived as an aspect of globalisation. A firms organisation can be shaped to international business by organisational culture, in both negative and positive ways. According to the theories of culture, understanding different cultures in different culture environments can help managers lead their group better. But there is no best way to manage people because everyone is an independent individual.Internationalisation is always the keyword in all those case studies, which can define as a process that involves operations across different counties or national boundaries.(Welch ; Luostarinen, 1988) The main strategies of internationalisation are the foreign direct investment, exporting and outsourcing production. Among these approaches, exporting have no organisation with a minimal commitment. Comparing with FDI, outsourcing production offers lower responsibility and flexibility to the country but carries risks like working conditions and weak control of quality; FDI, either acquisition and Greenfield, provides greater commitment and higher risks than other strategies, has ownership and location advantages. Different strategy suit different busine sses, it depends on the statement of the type of companies to make the best internationalisation strategy. Risk Assessment ReportAccording to the announcement of WEFs 2017 Global Risk assessment, there are three main trends and thirteen underlying trends that could affect the world in the future decade. The three main trends are economic inequalities, social polarisation and increasing environmental risk. Wall-Marts effort to expand its presence in India market will mainly reflect there is problematic in economics, conflicts of the growing mood of anti-establishment populism and geopolitics.Since the globalisation of retail became a clear trend in the international market, retailers are chasing the new markets in Asia, especially China, Russia and India because they represent the high-growth industry. Comparing with that, the retail markets of the western Europe, the US and the UK are more saturated, consolidated and mature. Therefore world supermarket chains giant suck as Wall-Mart and Carrefour are rushing into Asia market and try to gain a competitive position.India is a populous count ry, which has invaluable potential in economics. As a result, there are many international supermarket chain desire to enter Indian market to share the profit. According to the research, organised retailers have an exciting chance in the developing market. In spite of the independent sector is declining but it still dominates the sales in India. Wall-Mart could have opportunities to obtain huge consumer base as a supplier of this field. The Indian government also understand this point and has been pushing most regulation reforms to date, and it would not change in the next few years. Therefore the Indian government set the policy that foreign retailers cannot sell their products directly to consumers but allows them to sell to other native retailers. As a result, Wall-Mart is cooperating with a local business called Bharti Enterprises to obey this policy. For India, this is a good policy to promote the development of domestic industry by assisting with mature international companies to acquire their experiences and technologies. The law of foreign direct investment is not the unique resistance for Wall-Mart to enter the Indian market. There is also a lot of opposition voices are appearing inside the India because of Indian afraid that such foreign supermarkets would snatch the capital and market from local small, family-run shops what form the base of Indian retail market. On the effects of organised retail on small stores and consumers that believe organised retail develop at the cost of small shops. Fortunately, although this issue is rational and reasonable, there are many Indian wishes to see more western-style supermarkets operated in India. As the research shows, 53 percent of those asked approved of large chains, 24 percent were against and 23 percent had no opinion. (Paul L, Carrefour and its competitors in India)On August 6 , 2015, the day that Wall-Mart has signed the contract with Bharti Enterprises, and announced that they are going to operate 15 wholesale retail stores in cooperation by 2015. This event became the fuse of protest, Quit Retail slogans were announced, and Wall-Marts brands were burned during the protest.With the impact of the protest, the Communities claimed their political views what are blocking retailers from other countries outside India. Because they harbour the idea that only people who have the ability in computers and English could get the chances to work in foreign supermarket chains. People who work in small, family-run stores cannot take advantages from overseas retailers. The Communities do against corporate retail and support small shops.In contrast, the Congress Party do support increasing the international trade cooperation, and they are in charge in India. They believe that the development of organised retail could help improve the quality of products in the local market because it provides local distribution channels for traditional exports products. Their research shows that the foreign supermarkets have offered cheaper products with good quality not only for specific groups but everyone. The Congress Party will continue the pragmatic policy of openness for the next five years which is the conflict with the Communities political views. Although the Congress Party has the power for the moment, the conflicts between political parties will increase the risk of geopolitics sector in WEFs 2017 Global Risk assessments and have a negative impact on strengthening cooperation.In conclusion, the statement of Wall-Marts expansion in India could reflect some of the epitomes of Global Risk. For instance, domestic businesses and some Indian do resist retailers from other countries; this activity can define as conflicts of the growing mood of anti-establishment populism and geopolitics. The contradictions in political party politics and the policy announced by the Indian government that does not allow foreign retailers sell products to local consumers are part of the social and political challenges, and these make the adverse effects on the international policy on this sector which is strengthening cooperation. People from different classes have different opinions about foreign retailers; wealthy people welcome foreign businesses because that can bring them better quality and higher kinds of goods, while poor people usually resist international companies because organised retailers from other countries would crow out small local stores that can provide jobs to them. The conflict between wealthy and poor people is a miniature of economic inequalities. For governments to solve these problems and reduce the risks, they should strengthen cooperation between countries, encourage international policies; promote growth and reform the economy, increasing job opportunity; reducing the conflicts between parties and boost cultural diversity.Reference ListDilley M.(2005) ?Natural disaster hotspots: a global risk analysis?, chapter 3, Risk Assessment Framework P23 -P33Lapoule P.(2010)?management decision?, chapter 3, Carrefour and its competitors in India, P396-P402WEF(2017), The Global Risks Report 2017, 12th Edition, Part 1: Global Risks 2017, P10-P21; Part 2: Social and Political Challenges P22-P35Learning journalW3We have discussed the impact of Brexit to globalisation in the class, and I have summarised the main points on this topic: Brexit will represent a retreat from globalisation for UK-based businesses, 7% GDP has fallen since Brexit as trade has declined; Brexit causes the increase of unemployment for UK staff.; The goods what export to Europe gets the negatively influences while EU is the most significant export market for the UK. Brexit also lead to an impact on the relationship between the UK and the EU; UK students cannot get the scholarship to study in EU countries and vice versa. W4In this week, we have discussed the World Economies Global Risk and possible solutions to this issue. According to the research, we found that the potential of persistent, long-term trends such as inequality and deepening social and political polarization to exacerbate risks associated with the weakness of the economic recovery and the speed of technological change. The model of globalisation is transforming from external to internal which has adverse effects on Global cooperation. For globalisation, governments need to recover the growth of economic but as the result of the response of Inflated anti build populism, it may not fix the social cracks if the governments only rely on the resumption of economic development. Therefore governments also need to reform the market capitalism.W5We analysed the shareholders of Tesco and the main factors that lead to declining financial performance of Tesco, the impact of the business environment to Tesco and how the company has responded or co ntinued to respond to the environmental changes. Since Tesco is a global retailing company, it must follow the rules and regulations of the markets in the host countries. The political factors include quotas, tariff and taxes, embargoes, the stability of the country, subsidies and patent rights over the use of certain technology. They are all decided by the government of the host country; therefore, Tesco always ensures that it works hand in hand with the relevant authorities to achieve its goal of capturing the target market. Tescos coping approach for these impacts is to create opportunities, reduce food wastage and improve the health and safety of both consumers and employees across the worldW6The topic of todays seminars is a case study in week six, we analysed the main conflicts in different cultures and how do the cultural differences between China and the United States impact on Johns and his Chinese colleagues attitudes and behaviours in knowledge-sharing. In this case, it is clear to see the differences between Chinese and American culture, and the culture difference affects on their concept and attitude. The culture difference can help with keeping cultural pluralism but has adverse effects on globalisation without appropriate fusion method. The governments should promote the communication in the world and make culture difference become an advantage of globalisation.W7Before this seminars, we have read the data about COSCOs development. By analysing the data, we found that the COSCO adopted a strategy of moving fromowning ships to control ships such as the company gradually reduced its investment in non-core businesses such as travelling, finance and real estate to place more emphasis on shipping-related businesses. The COSCO Group focused on transforming the company into a global logistics service provider by that strategy. The PEST factors impact on COSCOs internationalisation including international trading policies against and support the company, grouping the strategic alliances up, cooperating with local government and enterprises and adopting a strategy of innovation to give its core competitiveness in international shipping markets.W8In this week we had some further discussion on COSCO and the factors what help COSCO develop in the world and the organisational structure of COSCO. COSCO is good at conforming to the trend of the market economy and changes in the world shipping industry; Building strengths by collaborating with local businesses; Sending the approach team of management into international market; Encouraging both innovations of technique and administration to form a competitive advantage of enterprises and Establishing a strategic alliance to build a stable strategic customer base.

True Love in The Great Gatsby Essay Example

True Love in The Great Gatsby Paper Analysis of The Great Gatsby: Love between the Main Characters True love is an emotion that every human being should have the privilege of experiencing once in their life. There is no one correct definition for this feeling, it is definitely different for everyone, but in the end love should make your life better not more difficult. These days the concept of true love has become cliche and people are letting outside factors dictate their emotions. This problem, while it is very prominent today, is not a new thing. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the idea of mistaken true love fills the pages. All the characters have different ideas of what love really is and its worth. Fitzgerald uses his characters Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby to show three different yet equally flawed ideas of true love. This paper will show in detail the flaws of each character’s thinking. I hope to create a clear definition of true love through deductive reasoning, ruling out what love is not will help show its proper definition. Tom Buchanan is a wealthy high class man. He has the grossly mistaken idea that his social status entitles him to do whatever he wants. He is married to Daisy, which means he swore to love and cherish her always, but throughout the novel Fitzgerald makes it seem as if he doesn’t even like Daisy let alone respect her enough to love her. As Nick says when introducing the characters of Tom and Daisy to the reader, Why they came East I don’t know. They had spent a year in France for no particular reason, and then drifted here and there unrestfully wherever people played polo and were rich together. We will write a custom essay sample on True Love in The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on True Love in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on True Love in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This was a permanent move, said Daisy over the telephone, but I didn’t believe it- I had no sight into Daisy’s heart but I felt that Tom would drift on forever seeking, a little wistfully, for the dramatic turbulence of some irrecoverable football game(Fitzgerald 6). This segment shows how Tom had little respect for Daisy and just brought her along as if she were just another piece of luggage, a trophy wife. True love is not an emotion you can feel for an inanimate object or possession. Tom is also unfaithful to Daisy. Love is not something you easily throw away or put aside as Tom does when he so freely goes to Myrtle Wilson to have his affair. If Tom claims to love Daisy, which he does, he would not have the desire to go out with other women at all especially not have a full relationship with another woman in another town. Tom is not secretive at all of his relations. On one trip to New York City he insisted Nick meet her, â€Å"I went up to New York with Tom on the train one afternoon and when we stopped by the ashheaps he jumped to his feet and, taking hold of my elbow, literally forced me from the car. We’re getting off,’ he insisted ‘I want you to meet my girl. ’†(Fitzgerald 24). The fact that Tom is so willing to share with everyone, even Nick, Daisy’s cousin, means he has no shame and doesn’t care that he is stomping all over Daisy’s heart. True love is not a chore and should never be looked at in that light. Daisy also has her problems with the definition of True Love. Daisy thinks she is in love with Gatsby, but in actuality she is far from being truly in love with him. They knew each other when they were younger, but Daisy, although she had strong feelings for him, let her family’s expectations keep them apart. Because Gatsby did not come from money and was merely an enlisted soldier he was not fit for Daisy who came from an upper class family. This cannot be true love because true love comes naturally and above all other things and nothing should ever keep you from the one you truly love, especially money. No matter how bad their situation may be they should always be most important. Now Daisy is married to Tom Buchanan who treats her as a possession. Daisy does not see anything wrong with this picture and actually seems to think it is how every marriage should be. She says regarding her daughter, â€Å"I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool-that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (Fitzgerald 17). The love a parent feels for their child should be the purest form of unconditional love. A baby does not ask for the love of their parents, their parents are supposed to just freely give it. This shows that Daisy has no interest in her daughter being completely happy. She is more concerned about her marrying into status and living an empty life with money. Now that Daisy and Gatsby have been reunited and seem to have feelings for each other, Fitzgerald hints at the idea that Daisy and Gatsby truly are soul mates. This notion is put to rest, because while Daisy does enjoy the time she spends with Gatsby, and is actually happy for once, she would never leave Tom because he is safe and she knows what to expect with him. The fact that Daisy allows these outside factors to influence her decision emphasizes the fact that she does not love either of the men in her life. If she truly loved either one she would be with them no matter what other people would think or what she had to give up for him. Jay Gatsby is perhaps the character with the most screwed up idea of what love is. He begins the novel thinking he loves Daisy and all he wants is her love in return. He then becomes confused by equating Daisy with money and social status. Ultimately he just wanted the opportunity to have Daisy rather than actually having her. At a young age Gatsby became infatuated with Daisy, a girl he met while training in the Army. He decided right then and there that one day he was going to have her. His reasoning at the time was that he was in love with her which later we find was not the case. The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his platonic conception of himself†¦ So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end† (Fitzgerald 98). He thought if he only could be rich he could have what he thought was the love of his life. Not only is this a terribly screwed up way of visualizing true love but it did not work for him either. Love is something that must be worked for but should not be conditional in the sense that you must be a certain way, such as rich, to obtain it. Love should be freely given with nothing expected in return. Even though Daisy is married now Gatsby still expects her to just drop everything because now he is a man â€Å"worthy† of her, now that he has money. Gatsby throws lavish parties for the simple fact of getting Daisy to notice him but doesn’t really enjoy his parties or the lifestyle he is living because he can’t let her go. Love also ultimately makes you happy and Gatsby’s â€Å"love† for Daisy is making him miserable as he just waits for her to show. He still envisions her as the girl she was before, a girl that claimed to be in love with him. Gatsby says to Nick, â€Å"I don’t think she ever loved him†¦ Of course she might have loved him just for a minute, when they were first married-and loved me more even then, do you see? † (Fitzgerald 152). He refuses to believe that she has changed or that she could possibly care for Tom the way she cared for him. Love is also not something you can force another person to feel. Gatsby wants so badly for Daisy to just leave Tom and run to him, but if Daisy is not willing to do that then she must not really love him. Also as the old saying goes If you love something, let it go. If it comes back its true, if not, it never was. Gatsby let Daisy go so many years ago and she is not coming back so he needs to move on and find happiness somewhere else in life. The emotion of True Love is probably the most difficult to clearly define. Everyone has different ideas of what real love is and how it should be, however most of us do agree on what it is not. My boyfriend and best friend, gave me this definition, â€Å"True love means that you would do anything for someone and always put them before you no matter what. And that for the rest of your life you will stand by that person through the darkest days. He stated, â€Å"That was a foreign concept to me until recently. † We both realized what true love really felt like when our baby boy was born in September. The love parents feel for their children is the truest, strongest, most unconditional love there is. I never knew it was possible to feel so strongly for a person you barely knew, his birth made me believe in the idea of love at first sight. The birth of our baby also really helped us realize that all the problems we had in our relationship were trivial and what actually mattered was how we really felt about each other. My sister’s opinion was, â€Å"True love is absolute. They care about you for the person you are and accept you, and would never try to change you. When you are in love you just know, if you have to ask the question ‘Is it real? ’ then it’s not. † The details I pulled from the novel clearly show that none of the characters experienced true love. It is semi-ironic that Fitzgerald uses the theme of â€Å"love† plenty throughout the novel yet really, while the characters may like each other or care about one another, they do not truly love each other.

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate A praetor was one of the greater Roman magistrates with imperium or legal power. They led armies, presided in law courts, and administered the law. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). Since he was in charge of the city, he was only allowed to leave the city for a period of up to 10 days. For matters outside Rome, the praetor peregrinus settled cases among foreigners. Over the years, they added additional praetors to handle matters in the provinces, but originally, there were two praetors. Two more were added in 227 B.C. when Rome annexed Sicily and Sardinia; then, two more were added for Hispania (Spain) in 197 B.C. Later, Sulla and Julius Caesar added even more praetors. Responsibilities A costly responsibility for the praetor was the production of the public games. Running for praetor was part of the cursus honorum. The rank of praetor was second only to the position of consul. Like the consuls, praetors were entitled to sit on the honored sella curulis, the folding curule chair, traditionally made of ivory. Like the other magistracies, a praetor was a member of the senate. Just as there were proconsuls for the period after their year as consuls, so there were also propraetors. Propraetors and proconsuls served as governors of provinces after their terms in office. Roman Magistrates With Imperium Examples: Let the praetor be judge of the law in private actions, with power of passing sentence-he is the proper guardian of civil jurisprudence. Let him have as many colleagues, of equal power, as the senate think necessary, and the commons allow him.Let two magistrates be invested with sovereign authority, and be entitled praetors, judges, or consuls, in respect of presiding, judging, or counselling, according to the nature of the case. Let them have absolute authority over the army, for the safety of the people is the supreme law. This magistracy should not be determined in less than ten years-regulating the duration by the annual law.Cicero De Leg.III Before Sulla added functions, the praetor presided in cases of quaestiones perpetuae, the cases of: repetundaeambitus, majestaspeculatus Sulla added falsum, de sicariis et veneficis, and de parricidis. About half of the candidates for praetor during the last generation of the Republic came from consular families, according to Erich S. Gruen, in The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. The praetor Urbanus P. Licinius Varus fixed the date of the Ludi Apollinaris.

Placement of Spanish Adverbs

Placement of Spanish Adverbs As a general rule, Spanish adverbs  and adverbial phrases  are placed near the word they modify, generally right before or after. English is more flexible in this regard- it is common in English to see an adverb placed further away from the word it modifies, often tacked on the end. Examples of Adverbial Placement Note, for example, the differences in these two equivalent sentences: Aprobà ³ facilmente el examen de geometrà ­a euclidiana.She passed the Euclidian geometry test easily. In Spanish the adverb, facilmente, comes immediately after the verb, aprobà ³. In English, however, easily comes at the end of the sentence, with four words coming between it and the verb. Although it would be possible to place easily immediately before passed, it also would be acceptable to place an additional description after test and still keep easily at the end. In Spanish, it is possible to place the adverb after the object of a verb, but only if the object is made up of just a word or two. For example, either of these sentences would be an acceptable translation for The county issued two licenses previously: El condado emitià ³ dos licencias previamente.El condado emitià ³ previamente dos licencias. Emitià ³ here is the verb in the sentence, and previamente is the adverb. Previamente couldnt be placed at the end if licensias were followed by a description. For example, if the sentence were talking about business licenses, licencias de empresa, previamente would have to be placed next to emitià ³: El condado emitià ³ previamente dos licensias de empresa. If many words had followed the verb, the adverb would not be able to used at the end. An example using a variation on the last sentence would be: El condado emitià ³ previamente dos licencias de matrimonio para parejas jovenes.  The adverb previamente has to go close to the verb emitià ³. Otherwise, native speakers would not immediately connect the meaning of the adverb with the verb. Before or After the Word Being Modified? Depending on how the adverb is used, it can be placed before or after the word being modified. For example, is the adverb modifying a verb, another adverb, or an adjective? The type of word being modified usually determines where the adverb is placed in the sentence. Usually, an adverb that modifies a verb is placed after the verb. For example, The economy is based principally on three businesses, is translated as,  La economà ­a se basa principalmente en tres empresas.  Basa is the verb and principalmente is the adverb. Adverbs of Negation Exceptions to this rule are adverbs of negation such as no  or nunca, meaning no or never. Negating adverbs always precede the verb. For example, No quiero ir al cine, means,  I dont want to go to the movies. The adverb, no, comes before the verb, quiero.  Another example,  Marà ­a nunca habla de su vida personal, means, Marà ­a never talks about her personal life. The placement of the adverb is exactly the same as in English. The adverb, never or nunca, goes immediately before the verb, talks or habla. Modifying Another Adverb An adverb that modifies another adverb comes before the adverb being modified. For  example,  Pueden moverse tan rpidamente como la luz, means,They can move as quick as light. The literal translation of the sentence is, They can move really fast like the light. Tan, meaning really, is modifying  rpidamente, meaning,fast. Adverbs Modifying Adjectives An adverb that modifies an adjective comes before the adjective. Estoy muy contento, means, I am very happy.  Muy is an adverb that means, very, and contento is the adjective, meaning happy.   Adverbs Modifying an Entire Sentence An adverb that modifies an entire sentence often comes at the beginning of the sentence, but there is some flexibility, and it can be  placed in different spots in the sentence. For example, take a look at the sentence, Possibly, Sharon will postpone her trip. There are three possible placements of the adverb, posiblemente, and they are all correct: Before the verb:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Sharon  posiblemente  retrasar su viaje.After the verb:  Sharon retrasar  posiblemente  su  viaje.At the beginning of the sentence:  Posiblemente, Sharon retrasar su viaje.   Key Takeaways Spanish adverbs are placed close, and usually next to, the words they modify.Descriptive Spanish adverbs usually come after the verbs they modify but before adjectives they modify.When an adverb modifies the meaning of the entire sentence, its placement is flexible.

Healthcare Management Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Research Paper

Healthcare Management Centers for Medicare and Medicaid - Research Paper Example care has other responsibilities which include the standards for administrative simplification from the (Cms.gov, 2014) Accountability Act of 1996 and (Allgov.com, 2014) Health Insurance Portability. It also has another responsibility for worth standards in durable health care facilities through its certification process and survey (Cms.gov, 2014) process, quality standards for clinical laboratory under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments as well as oversight of HealthCare.gov. (Allgov.com, 2014) The Medicare together with Medicaid programs were contracted into law on 30th July 1965 (Cms.gov, 2014). LBJ who was the president by then is seen at the signing ceremony during independence at the Truman library in Missouri (Cms.gov, 2014). Truman who was the former president is also pictured seated beside him. President LBJ held the ceremony there in honor of the leadership of President Truman on health insurance. He had first proposed it in 1945. The most important legislative modification to Medicare referred to as the Medicare Modernization Act was as well signed into law by (Cms.gov, 2014) President George W. Bush (Cms.gov, 2014) from Texas, on 8th December 2003. This historic legislation is of significance to the outpatient as it adds the outpatient’s drug prescription advantage to Medicare and it also leads to many other significant changes (Cms.gov, 2014). A number of changes have been implemented (Cms.gov, 2014) to Center for Medical services programs since 1965 (Cm s.gov, 2014). In addition, the agencies that are concerned with the implementation of these programs have also changed (Cms.gov, 2014).The head of the Center for Medical services programs is as well the Administrator of the Center for both the Medicaid and Medicare Services (Cms.gov, 2014). This position of leadership is appointed by the president and the Senate confirms it. The Center for Medicare Services hires a total of approximately 4,100 employees 2,700 (Cms.gov, 2014) of the

Health in the UK -- The solution for obesity for different age Essay

Health in the UK -- The solution for obesity for different age - Essay Example People are considered overweight if their weight is between 25 to 29.9 BMI (Body Mass Index) while people are considered obese if their weight is 30 or higher BMI. This tabulation also takes into account the standard weight at a certain height. Countries such as USA and UK have more obese problems than other nation in the world. The problem of obesity in UK has grown to become epidemic over the years. The percentage of obese adults has doubled since the 1990s. According to the survey in 2008 by Health Survey for England (HSE), almost 61.4% adults were categorized as obese which comprised of 32% UK women and 42% UK men (Astrup, 2009). This is just a general overview of the UK obese men and women. It is a fact that obesity increases with age. The UK government statistics estimates that one in every four men and one in every three women are obese (Astrup, 2009). According to the Obesity Statistics in UK, almost 27% women and 28% men between the ages of 16-24 have been found to be obese while 68% women and 76% men aged 55-64 were overweight (Obesity, 2009). 77.1% of adults aged 65-74 were obese or overweight (Gulland, 2010). The problem is just in the adults or elder people. It is also seen to be occurring in the children as well. About 27.3% UK children between the ages of 2-10 were obese (Obesity, 2009). Pred iction by Department of Health in UK is that if the obesity trend continues, 6.6 million men and 6 million women will fall under the category of obesity by 2010 (Obesity, 2009). The percentages for obesity in men and women have increased over the years with men been more obese than women. The most common type of obesity that affects almost 30% of men is stomach obesity in which the fat weight is concentrated on the stomach (Astrup, 2009). This type of obesity is not only increasing in men but is also rapidly seen in young people as well. A report published in 2007 by Foresight named Tackling Obesities: Future Choices predicted that by 2050 60% of UK

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management Essay All managers and great leaders should want to motivate and reward their employees. A good and effective manager would motivate and encourage their employees. If you were a manager, how would you motivate and reward your employees effectively? Money seems to motivate a majority of employees, but there are other ways employees find satisfaction in their jobs, such as a work-life balance, telecommute, challenging work, and academic reimbursement, to name a few. If we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers† (Noe, p. 319) I truly believe this statement. If I was a manager, ensuring that my employees are taken care of would definitely be a top priority. The employees are also stakeholders. Every day they work which is an investment in the company. When the employees are treated right, involved, and able to voice their opinions, they are more willing to stay at the organization longer. Of course, the longer they stay the lower a company’s turnover rate is. The employees are the company, and they represent the company. In my past experiences and positions in the life, taking care of the employees was not a priority for my previous employers. For the most part my previous employers were about numbers, quotas, sales, money and customer satisfaction. Employees always seemed to come last, and I can say this reason was partly why I did leave. As an employee, I like the open door policy with managers. I like feeling like I’m a part of a great organization like it’s my second home. I enjoy being recognized for a job well done, and I do feel that if employees feel as if they are an important part of an organization then they will always give 100% into their work. Money is a major motivator for employees, but it’s not the only motivator. Employee motivation can be as individual as the people who work for you. â€Å"But you can boil down employee motivation to one basic ideal: finding out what your employees want and finding a way to give it to them or to enable them to earn it†(Inc. , Nov. 30, 1999). Examples of employee motivators are performance-based cash bonus, praise and commendation from manager, increase in base pay, teambuilding, incentives, career discussions, attention from company leadership, stock or stock options, opportunity to lead projects and advancement or growth within the organization. Gaining a better understanding of what motivates employees will make you a better manager. It will help you get the most out of your employees. Great leaders and managers make all the difference when it comes to managing and motivating employees. These alternative methods of motivating will be effective differently for each employee. Making employees feel they are doing something meaningful is an alternative methods. When employees are involved and feel that they are helping to create and achieve goals, they feel important. â€Å"Research on job satisfaction reveals employees are most satisfied when they are working on a challenging task uninterrupted† (ASTD, Patterson). Also effectively communicating help motivates employees. Employees like to know how the organization is progressing toward a goal. Giving ongoing communication about employee’s performances is important for employee development. Listening, respecting, and providing recognition makes employees feel worthy. Managers should manage but not micromanage. Managers should empower their employees by allowing them choices and ensuring they are accountable for their choices. There are many alternative methods that motivate employees, and this will be determined individually. Texas Roadhouse looks for ways to recognize employees and bring them together to have fun. They provide competitions, events, outings and conferences to employees. I do think these motivating ways can be transferable to other organizations. Some bigger organizations can probably provide the same employee recognitions, but smaller organizations may not be able to. Although the smaller organizations can find other ways to recognize their employees and to bring them together, such as offering competitions, and winning gift cards, for example. Each individual organization, no matter what size can still find ways to motivate, recognize, and bring their employees together. In conclusion, motivating and rewarding your employees is how you will keep them. Making sure your employees are engaged is very important in helping to keep them motivated. Organizations should focus on their mission, vision and higher purpose and ensure that all employees understand their daily efforts and how it drives progress towards the mission, vision and purpose. Human resources professionals must manage their organizations with finesse, constantly looking for that optimal level workplace satisfaction, which helps employees motivated and engaged.

Carrying out Administrative Skills Based on a Project on the Old Bailey :: Administrative Operations Old Bailey Essays

Carrying out Administrative Skills Based on a Project on the Old Bailey In this coursework, I have to show I am capable of showing a variety of administrative skills for a project of my own choice. I have chosen to base my project on the Old Bailey. In order to carry out my administrative skills, I had to carry out an activity such as, setting up and participating in an away day trip to an organisation for at least six people, in which I am the key administrator. I also have to show knowledge and understanding of the roles of administrators in organisations. In this coursework I’ am required to work in a group of people that have specific roles in the group and plan and organize (or administer) our own event for AVCE Business Studies Year 2, unit 20 – Admin Ops. Our event has to be well planned and multi-layered, as this will allow each individual in the group to act out their role. My group is built up of 6 people. They are, Rachel, Chris, Sophie, Asif, Ashraf and me. We have all worked together in Unit 1 (Business At Work) and have all obtained experience of producing information. Examples are in, Unit 3, 4 and 10 (Marketing, HR and Customer Service). We all set each other positions or roles in the group in order to get our event started up. Below are my group’s roles/positions. * Rachel – Boss * Sophie – PR/Phones * Chris – Planner * Asif – IT * Ashraf – Research * Ravi – Research and minute taker. As you can see from above I have a second job role. This is taking down minutes (or notes) at every lesson. This is to make sure we don’t forget to mention anything in-group discussions and can help all of us in every meeting the group holds. These are all our roles in the group. We are also called Group A as there are 2 groups that have to organise an event. We also have to organise and record our event by taking a camera. IT is a critical path as it allows us to broaden our knowledge on the place we want to go to for our event. We also must use a computer database to store information and manage our project efficiently to ensure a smooth running of it. We had our first meeting at 11.33am on the 16/9/2004 and in the meeting we had to be sorted n groups and then allocate roles to each other. We also had an agenda. The agenda was to discuss project

What Influenced Joseph Haydn’s Music

Joseph Franz Haydn was an amazing man. He was a very ambitious, hard working, a never give up type of guy. From what Louis Nohl said, Haydn started singing by age six and he was part of church choir. With all the fame and greatness, he would still achieve success coming from a poor family living in a peasant cottage. What really grabbed my attention was how Haydn loved practicing music and though with his many struggles Haydn always kept positive and a strong attitude. He would go against his family’s wishes along with starving himself throughout his youth to be part of music.Haydn taught me that do what you love to do and you will be great at doing what you love. Haydn’s organization and neatness in his music comes from his childhood, where he was taught from an early age very strictly to have a habit of organization and cleanliness (Nohl 8). His family would also sing together at the end of each day and Haydn loved music so much that he would practice the violin with a little stick who a neighbor noticed he had precise time and tone during the age of only 5 at the time (Nohl). I believe he is very organized from the music I listen to from him, an example is his movement 2 in his symphony #22 where you can hear the order of the melodies he performs. Haydn’s influences also came when he was in Vienna starting in 1750. (Nohl, Hadden). Haydn would receive nothing but music into his life; from books, to people he lived with, and to places he went. One of the people he studied under, according to Nohl, was a teacher of Italian opera named Nicolo Porpora. The Italian opera dominated Europe during that time. Fluid melodies along with clear and simple harmonic structure were the main points of the school. There were many works of the Italian opera made for the Prince at that time. Haydn had to compose operas for special events including marriages for the prince’s neice and later for his son in 1777. With the new development in music that Haydn made, Nohl also states that Haydn improved in his singing, compositions, and his Italian. Accordingly, Haydn developed a more refined melody and clearer harmonies in his works. Hadden shows that Haydn received many different types of musical influences; one being a poet by the name of Metastasio. Haydn had a lot of teaching and that strengthened his music skills and one of the students being taught the Harpsichord by him (Hadden). Haydn devoted himself to taking care of him self righteously, the Vienna Hofcappellmeister were his textbooks and he put them aside for weeks while continuingly reviewing them until he mastered them (Nohl 44). Haydn also played for Von Furnberg, the councilor at the time had Haydn compose him string quartets and gave him wonderful music for his chamber music. I think I learned a lot from Haydn not just from his music. It seems his success comes from his love for music and also his dedication to his work. I think anyone looking to become successful from a standpoint of low or middle class need to work very hard as Haydn did. Haydn was very interested in making money. In their sources, Haydn looked to play for weddings, churches, teach music, and more. Therefore, money had a large influence on Haydn and his music; another instance was his position with the count in 1759 where he was positioned as the Director. The symphony at the time consisted of an allegro, adagio, and a second allegro, which is three movements. According to Nohl, part of the reason Haydn became symbolized as â€Å"The Father of Symphony† was because he transferred three movements to the quartet and added the minuet, which became the fourth movement. Unfortunately, Haydn married a woman who was bad for his health, it was the count’s eldest daughter and she continually complained, asked for purchases that were more than Haydn can afford, and in many instances offended Haydn (Nohl 51). Haydn finally left her and found boarding for her but not after long years of toil and hearing her distress constantly, surprisingly for the most part Haydn kept his cool and still made wonderful music. Due to certain circumstances with the count, Haydn had lost his position there but shortly after Prince Esterhazy hired him, this was an important impact because Nohl said this secured Haydn as a composer for the rest of his life. Here, there were music of all types and Haydn was able to practice in peace and quiet (Nohl). Based on these circumstances, I believe that this gave a huge influence to Haydn with him surrounded by a versatility of music and the ability to focus composing because the lack of distraction. This is where Haydn had more than enough influence and his music life (or you can just say his life) took a turn in an immensely positive direction because Elaine Schneider writes that in Prince Esterhazy’s house he had to do administrative work for the musicians along with making compositions for the orchestra, chamber music, and opera performances. Prince Esterhazy knew Haydn after he performed his first symphony that he also composed and the Prince was impressed. Robbins/Landon 25) While working under Prince Esterhazy, had 11-12 string players, a flautist, two oboists, two bassoonists, two horn players, and a timpanist in the orchestra. There were also two violinists, a cellist, trumpeters and drummers. Sometimes all these instruments would come together for a special occasion. Haydn had a great sense of humor and that also influenced his music, you can hear his â€Å"surprise symphony† where it was very goofy and lazy melody to it. (Robbins/Landon 25) He would like to also have sudden outbursts of dazzle and high spirits in his music. His neatness and orderliness helped him get the most out of different types of music. With symphonies, he realized that instrumentals were more stronger and intellectual, as for serenades it was more suited for slow and sensuous instrumentals. Haydn was the first to invent inborn, free expressive, natural art to music and this is what Beethoven admired about him. You can hear in his music the emotions, characteristics, and expressions involved in almost all of them. Sadness, happiness, anger, humor, is some of the examples he puts up when he makes music. Nohl 79) Haydn executed works of art by expressing his ideas, thoughts, and feelings. This was particularly rare in that time; which was shortly after the Baroque era and the famous Bach along with other composers of the time mainly making church music. This attributed to his fame and success along with his constant love and perseverance throughout life. For this element of music he created, it aroused many including Beethoven and Mo zart. An example of his love and perseverance is when the musicians and singers sabotaged Haydn’s Italian operas in 1776 when he composed for the king’s court. Nevertheless, he still performed his works back at the house of the prince but not much because the prince’s house became on fire. After it took fire, Haydn already had copies made back in his house. This also helped me learn to have back up documents for my work at all times. Another large reason for Haydn’s musical excellence is due to his love of music. With this strong emotion, he was able to stand out from other musicians by being able to hold and develop an idea or feeling in his works. Many other composers would jump too fast and did not make an impact the human feeling. Many of his works comprise of human nature and characteristic to it. No. 5 is of complete buoyant human health and clearness. No. 7 gives a dark and strange twist and gives the feeling of an uneasy person. No. 8 has a beautifully melody along with a creative and intellectually composed harmony. His masterpieces would go to deeper depth, which included the operas; he was exceptional at bringing about problems and then solving them through intelligence without losing the feelings involved in the opera. A great influence on his music was Prince Nicolaus who during 1775 to 1785, who had Haydn compose so many Italian operas that Haydn barely had time to make other works (Robbins/Landon 53). The works he did compose outside of Italian operas, were very minimal and were less popular than most others. Though there were benefits with composing many opera works, it had enriched his technique and left him with new ideas that could be worked out in other forms, this way all his music benefitted from his concentration on music for the theatre. Haydn stated the works for his string quartets were made in a new and special way. Haydn stated that Mozart was the person who had an effect on him the most in his musical compositions and his rise to stardom (Nohl 93). The feeling was mutual; from Mozart’s letters he admired Haydn since he was a child. Around 1782, when many of Haydn’s works reached Italy it was all kept with joy and love, which influenced Haydn to make the same. Also, Mozart made six quartets for Haydn for his admiration along with writing a letter to him. Though Haydn never missed an opportunity to listen to Mozart’s works. At the end of 1790, the Price of Esterhaz had died and thus Haydn finally was able to leave Esterhaz and went to London. In his new location, Haydn now broadened his intellectual horizon and expanded on his development. Haydn later recognized some of Beethoven works and uniquely distinguished that his music had more developed and patterned symphonies, sonatas, along with quartets (Nohl 112). Haydn had done a lot of influencing to musicians and composers as well. Though Beethoven eventually became a more popular composer than Haydn, Beethoven was first a scholar of Haydn (Nohl 179). Haydn became a wealthy, famous person, known and visited from many high rank noblemen. He was asked by many kings and queens across Europe to perform music or work for them. The even greater aspect of all of this is that Haydn came from a small cottage house in lower Austria with not very much money and his father just a wheelwright. He is recognized in Europe as one of the best musicians who ever lived, even ranked close to Beethoven. What made Haydn’s music so amazing and wonderful was that it contained natural life and expression through them. He had a connection with nature in his music and he was a constant worker. He once stated in his old age how he is humble and grateful of all the luxuries he receives because of his success, but no one really know strenuous and the toil he has dealt with due to his hard work. Haydn’s musical success came from many different influences, the main factor being the love of music. It all started when he was a young boy when the family had everyone sing together, to studying in different schools, being taught by many including the famous poet Mestasio, and the constant work at Esterhaz.

The Argument Against Same-Sex Marriage

The notion that for every wrong done there should be penalty to a similar degree is known to people since time immemorial. There was a time when a state did not consider personal injuries to be crimes against society and it was only a matter between two families. At present such matter is taken over by the state and is immensely considered to be criminal behaviour. If it is proved that one has murdered, he or she is usually sententenced to life imprisonment. But is this penalty appropriate for such a heinous crime?Should capital punishment be reinstated? Do many people deeply support it? There is a well-known quotation widely used in Mahatma Gandhi‘s policy of non-violence which states: â€Å"An eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind†. If we respond to every single injury, in our society there would be no need for laws and we could all be primitive again. To put one to death in the electic chair to show that murder is wrong is contradiction in policy that confuses c riminals and undermines any criminal deterence capital punishment was intended to have.The most recent FBI data clearly demonstrates that countries with the death penalty actually have higher murder rates than those without. Moreover, study after study has found that the capital punishment is much more expensive than live in prison as the process of it is far more complex than for any kind of crime. The largest costs come at trial stages when it is decided whether or not sentence defendant to death. This shows that countries do not need this extreme threat to prevent crime. The anti-death-penalty morality arguments of some Christians are persuasive to many.It is assumed that God commanded â€Å"You should not murder† and that this is a clear instruction with no exceptions. According to Christians, only God should create and destroy our lives. Opponents of capital punishment vemently believe that execute one using an electric chair is the kind of revenge and human judgment tha t Jesus so often warned against. Therefore, death penalty is incompatible with a teaching which emphasises forgiveness and compassion that are fundamental tenets of Christianity. Futhermore, some Christians argue that in many countries the imposition of the death penalty is biased against the poor.Since Christian teaching is to support the poor, Christians are highly likely to be called the opponents of death penalty. Some people argue that the death penalty may bring a closure to the victim’s family. They would not have to worry that it could happen to another family. However, some families of murder victims are against it on the moral grounds. They deeply believe that death penalty will do the same damage to families like theirs. It is widely assumed that it would be a better punishment if someone would die repenting and trying to make up for crimes.When people have been killed there is no chance of rehabilitation that makes criminals see their mistakes and there is a possi bility that these previously dangerous people will turn into productive citizens that contribute to society and help make life better. The system can make tragic mistakes. No reliable data could show how many people have been executed for crimes that they did not commit. Unfortunately, such errors do occur. A film „The Life of David Galeâ€Å" makes overwhelming impression convincingly demonstrating a life of a man who is found guilty of murder and awaits his execution.The entire movie is designed to show what happens when an innocent man is sententenced – his family, marriage, career and reputation are all destroyed. Another movie based on a similar story is „The Green Mileâ€Å". A giant black man convicted of raping and killing two young girls is sentenced to death. While on the death row, we learn that he is innocent but there is no way to stop his inevitable execution. This proves that if in real life the government makes a mistake putting one to death in t he electric chair, innocent people can always be released from prison, however, they can never be brought back from death.Capital punishment is immoral and a violation of natural rights. It is wrong for everyone involved: criminals, victims’ families and the prosecuted innocent. It should be replaced by a safer and more inexpensive option. The death penalty does not guarantee safety for innocent victims, it does not effectively deter crime, and it does not usually give closure to victims’ families. Nothing good comes of hate, and nothing good can ever come from capital punishment.

Pre-Darwinism Views Essays - Biological Evolution, Sexual Selection

Pre-Darwinism Views Essays - Biological Evolution, Sexual Selection Pre-Darwinism Views Before November 24, 1859, many people simply believed that species were created by God in their present forms, or that it was possible for organic matter to be spawned from inorganic matter. However, Charles Darwin used these ideas to create his thesis, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. The first true theories on evolution arise during the classical Greek period. On a handful of Greek philosophers believed in the theory of evolution and natural selection. Unfortunately, the two philosophers who influenced western civilization the most, Plato and Aristotle, opposed any theory of evolution. Plato believed that there were two worlds, one real world, and one imperfect world that we perceive with our senses. Any variations in life were imperfect images of their ideal forms. However, Aristotle didnt believe in two worlds; instead, he believed in a scale of nature. Each life form was arranged on a type of ladder. It started at the bottom with the least complex organism and continued up to the most complex organism. Each organism had a pre-determined rung, which allowed no ability to move up, and no open spaces for a new organism to fill. According to Neil Campbell in his book, Biology: Fourth Edition, Juedo-Christian culture fortified anti-evolution theories. (p. 400-401) The creationist-essentialist dogma that species were permanent and created for a specific purpose became deeply embedded in Western thought. Any person who dared to theorize or believe in theories about evolution were instantly labeled heretics. The medieval church saw evolution as saying that God did not exist, that we are not the supreme creation, and that humans could just be evolutionary mistakes. However, in the later 1700s and early 1800s there was a scientific revolution taking place. People began to use scientific experiments to explain what they had always put faith in. According to Campbell, the first big step in the development of the theory of evolution was made by Carolus Linnaeus. (p. 400-401) Linnaeus was the founder of taxonomy and developed the naming system for organisms that we still use today. He grouped organisms based on similar characteristics. This, for Darwin, would become a focal point of his theory of evolution. When Darwin began his research aboard the H.M.S. Beagle in 1831, he had some pre-constructed ideas. The first was that he rejected Platos, Aristotles, and the Churchs ideas that organism were made the way they are, and will never change. The second was about Linnaeus filing system; Darwin believed that similar species must of evolved from similar ancestors. During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin collected 13 different types of finches that he believed were different species. When he returned to Great Britain in 1836, he learned from ornithologists that the 13 different types of finches he collected, were indeed separate species. This discovery led Darwin to theorize that if a species was isolated, then it would adapt to fit its surroundings; just like how the finches adapted new beaks depending on their native types of food. Finally in 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on his theory of natural selection and the origin of species. When Darwin finished his book on evolution, The Origin of Species, he had two major ideas: the first was that evolution was the explanation for lifes unity and diversity; the second was that natural selection is the cause for adaptations. Darwin provided numerous example of his theories, but he was still doubted. However, on of his modern day supporters named Ernst Mayr has provided his own theories and proof of Darwins ideas. With respect to Darwins ideas on natural selection and adaptation, Mayr used an closely related group of insect species to prove this point. In Malaya round, pink flowers are common; so the mantid native to Malya is round and pink. However, in Central America, most plants have green, oval-like leaves; so the mantid to Central America is green and oval-like in shape. This example shows how species of common ancestry have adapted to fit their individual surroundings. With respect to Darwins ideas on evolution, we will look at the mustard plant. The mustard plant is the evolutional ancestor of six different vegetables: cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and kohlrabi. Breeder have been able to prove this by focusing on one particular part of the plant to accentuate. The process of accentuating the plant parts by breeders is evidence of evolution, except that humans are manipulating the results to meet their own needs. There really is not much more information on

Bayeux Tapestry

Deceitfulness could creep in, should I deny that I look forward to the conclusion of your project and your safe return home. The children and I miss you. Oh yeah, Vanilla (white Persian cat) misses you also. In the mean time, I have something exciting to share. Last night I encountered an informative dream that positioned me in the medieval era. In my dream I had the pleasure of examining the Bayeux Tapestry and those closely related. First, please know that the Bayeux Tapestry is not really tapestry but a combination of linen pieces, embroidery with wool thread, to create a larger cloth. According to Sayre (2012) the cloth measures 20 inches tall and 231 feet wide with a unique twist that illustrates historical military events outlining the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. Latin is the primary language encrypted around and about this masterpiece. Baby, I tell you this was a long, long time ago, all the way back to approximately 1066 and I have never experiences anything close to this scenery. The people’s clothing of that century was relatively unusual in comparison of today and oh my goodness, the weapons were not AK47 assault rifles, shot-guns or any hand-held guns. Neither was it a bang, bang, shoot-em up style fighting. Yet this work of art captures the infamous Battle of Hastings and elements including humans, animals, scenes of nature, ships, and of course buildings. Throughout this dream, people conversed suggesting how beautiful yet informative; resembling a comic strip and eventually many referenced it as the British comic strip (Keye and Garber, 2011). Give me a minute and I will explain it all. Now and then, this work of art remains a topic of discussion. It portrays an important battle that withheld the test to time. As I remember the dream, these are the facts surrounding the Battle of Hastings. Most people thought Harold Godwinson would become King following the death of Edward the Confessor , reigning King. Unbelievable, there were two (2) others, Harald Hardrada and Duke William II, that claimed the thorn; consequently, two (2) invasions; one being the Vikings; yet another being the Normans. Whether it was by blood or marriage, oddly each believed their justification represented the overall perceptive as whey they should be king; off to war it was. In September 1066, the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada, invaded first; however, after strategically planning his combat, King Harold II defeated Hardrada. Needless to say, shortly thereafter on September 28, 1066, the second Battle of Hastings began. Duke William II led the Norman invasion. Crowned king for a short period, King Harold II led the English. Just imagine; both leaders were the â€Å"II†. In the pursuit of power and a quest to increase territory, Duke William II believed, with the help of Italy, he could over through the English. Unlike today, walking or horseback served as the means of transportation. The Normans out powered the English and you know it, they lost because their primary source of transportation was by foot. On December 25, 1066 Duke William II became King of England. This will be the last time that the English loses in battle (Berry, 2010). Although the Bayeux Tapestry is a linen fabric, many consider it a valuable document because it illustrates a major historical event. This masterpiece of art depicts a series of scenes from the first point of invasion through Duke William II becoming King. The art work consists of 623 individuals, namely men. You know what they thought of us omen; some believe that only three (3) encircled the men. Apparently the artist loved animals because they stitched over 200 horses, 50 dogs and 500 birds along with other animals to reveal the story. Oh, I forgot to tell you that it is not certain who conducted the work; however, many believe that King William’s wife was instrumental in the project. Regardless, seamstress took extreme care in the selection of an array of colors, including variations of blues, greens, tan, yellow and beige (Keye and Garber, 2011). Astonishingly, after over 940 years the Bayeux Tapestry remains in remarkable conditions. Berry (2010) suggests that it endured numerous threats and shifted to different holdings to avoid destruction. For example, in 1792 the French Revolution posed the Bayeux Tapestry first threat and again in 1794. The invasion of England in 1803 imposed another threat; however, Napoleon Bonaparte, a brilliant military leader, recognized the unstated value of the cloth and quickly demanded shelter for its safekeeping. World War II posed as the final threat. People learned of the unmentionable value, townships became proactive and endured risking their life for its return. After a brief stay in Paris, in 1945 the Bayeux Tapestry returned to its final home Bayeux, France. The Bayeux Tapestry, a work of art, is an important source of information because it identifies the popular clothing design. The decorating style reflects the handmade work including styles for both men and women. Unlike today fashion, men’s clothing resembled a lady’s dress with a hemline just above the knee. Socks leveled the knee with an affixed tassel. Robbed in custom made cloaks and capes that drape the body, men’s fashion marked a powerful statement. Designed differently quickly identified position, kings, lords, nobles, knights and peasants. Nonetheless, clothing was warm and comfortable and always suited for battle. It appears the fashion design switched because currently lady’s garments resemble the men of the medieval era. Yet during that period, lady’s gothic robes swept the floor surrounded with a matching scarf and cape. The chosen cloth, whether for men or women, usually radiant in color, portrayed the crafty work prepared by selected seamstress (Bednarz, Miyares, Schug, amp; White, 2006). My love, words are too vague to put into picture the beauty of these incredible clothing. Just like the clothing, the characteristics of military during the Battle of Hastings, differed from current warfare. Soldiers dressed in heavy attire such as chains, helmets, and plated armor. This warfare excluded guns such as AK47 assault rifles and shot-guns; after all, these inventions waited discovery. Even gun power evaded battle as it too had not surfaced the scene. (Bednarz et al, (2006) found that soldiers exercise care when using axes, bows, daggers, knives, and swords that displayed crafty skills. Some of these weapons reminded you of the Musketeers as seen on television. Additionally, no tanks or motor vehicles dominated the conflict. Military used horses or foot soldiers to maneuver the terrain to conquer in battle Now after a review at all that transpired, let me share my opinion. The Bayeux Tapestry demonstrated disarmament yet unity. Both King Harold II and Duke William II engaged in actions to reduce the English supply of manpower and weapon to achieve power which paints the disarmament. The political system did not symbolize a hierarchy or central government. Sometimes the less powerful acquired land in return for military favors thus obtaining influence beyond measure. As a result, many revolved to the Roman Catholic Church or military leaders for guidance. Imagine me as the authoritative leader. I would have entered into battle just as King Harold II and Duke William II. After all each presented justification for their action. I too find is necessary to fight for what I believe is rightfully mine. Trust me, should the occasion arise, I will fight to the bitter end to defend us. Additionally the Bayeux Tapestry expresses unity. Seamstress harmonized while working converting a simple cloth into a living document. Eventually life improved, incomes increased and with these changes, individuals became less dependent on church or military. Just as today, individual moved to larger townships or established new ones resulting in a modern society. Well Tyren, it is late, I finished this homework assignment and now I am retiring to bed; pleasant dreams. Love you. Sincerely yours, Tanika Ross Loving Wife References Bednarz, S. W, Miyares, I. M. , Schug, M. C. , amp; White, C. S. (2006),

Regional airline management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Regional airline management - Term Paper Example The company chosen for the present study is Great Lakes Airlines which is a US based regional airline company headquartered in the USA. The company began its operations in the year 1977 with flights in Iowa. The company since then has expanded with a present fleet size of 38 aircrafts and covering about 64 destinations across the US.   The company went public on April 1994 and its stocks are presently listed and actively traded on the bourses of the NASDAQ stock exchange (Great Lakes Airlines, n.d.). The company mainly uses the Beechcfart 1900D aircraft that has a capacity of 19 seats. The airline mainly operates in the regional markets of the US (Great Lakes Airlines-a, n.d.). The company focuses on service quality and punctuality to gain strategic competitive advantage in the market. The coming sections would analyse the competitive and growth strategies of the airline towards generating a favourable position in the highly competitive business segment. The cost for available seat mile (CASM) value that shows the net of the operational expenses upon the total seat based miles flown by the airlines. The value of the CASM for Great Lakes Airlines in 2011 is pegged at 32.7 cents that represents a 4.5 percent increase from its corresponding figures last year (Great Lakes Airlines-b, 2011, p.15). A higher value of CASM implies that a firm would be easily able to reach the breakeven point (Kundu, 2010, p.105). In this regard the increase in value over the last year represents a scenario.... The company began its operations in the year 1977 with flights in Iowa. The company since then has expanded with a present fleet size of 38 aircrafts and covering about 64 destinations across the US. The company went public on April 1994 and its stocks are presently listed and actively traded on the bourses of the NASDAQ stock exchange (Great Lakes Airlines, n.d.). The company mainly uses the Beechcfart 1900D aircraft that has a capacity of 19 seats. The airline mainly operates in the regional markets of the US (Great Lakes Airlines-a, n.d.). The company focuses on service quality and punctuality to gain strategic competitive advantage in the market. The coming sections would analyse the competitive and growth strategies of the airline towards generating a favourable position in the highly competitive business segment. Competitiveness Cost Structure Cost for Available Seat Mile The competitive factors for an airline can be analysed from some of the key operational and financial figur es. The cost for available seat mile (CASM) value that shows the net of the operational expenses upon the total seat based miles flown by the airlines. The value of the CASM for Great Lakes Airlines in 2011 is pegged at 32.7 cents that represents a 4.5 percent increase from its corresponding figures last year (Great Lakes Airlines-b, 2011, p.15). A higher value of CASM implies that a firm would be easily able to reach the breakeven point (Kundu, 2010, p.105). In this regard the increase in value over the last year represents a scenario in which the company has fared poorly in the present year that is indicated by the higher figure of CASM. Revenue per Available Seat Mile Another significant factor includes the Revenue per Available Seat

Ethics and Goverance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and Goverance - Coursework Example For gaining global competitive advantage, its expansion to different areas of the world is essential and hence the selling of its stake to Coco-Cola is highly justified. 2. Innocent Ltd. will have advantage of getting some critical inputs form the giant company like Coco-Cola in the crisis time. For example, it may get some benefit in the form of management techniques in dealing human resources and also in the form of strategic management. In addition, the products of Innocent Ltd. can be sold even in remote pockets where ever Coco-Cola has establishments. 3. It may have a collaboration with the Coco-Cola for opening new branches in areas where Coco-Cola has already established its branches and can very much maintain that its quality policy would be maintained as good as that of earlier period. The founders of the company would still lead from the front and hence, the quality of the products would be well maintained in terms of environmental and health safety and customer satisfactio n. 4. The people’s awareness about Coco-Cola products is far higher than that of Innocent Ltd. and hence the higher number of customers would be in a position to taste Innocent products after the collaboration. 5. As Coco-Cola has already established branches in several areas, with out spending any additional expenditure, the Innocent can sell its products through these branches which certainly results in cost minimization and profit maximization. Disadvantages 1. The credibility of Innocent Ltd. among its customers has been its main strength till now which has driven the business. The company is well known for its commitment and dedication for manufacturing or producing healthy fruit juice products which contain socially and environmentally aware ingredients that are free from environmental pollution and health hazards and for better packaging techniques (Sweney, 2009). The customers prefer the products from this company for this quality consciousness and ethical standards. But, due to selling of its stake to Coco-Cola company which is known for producing non healthy

Accounting for Managerial Decision Making Research Paper

Accounting for Managerial Decision Making - Research Paper Example Traditionally, there are two things which are calculated while performing the cost volume profit analysis. These are calculating the contribution margin and contribution margin ratio. (Navaro, 2005) Contribution Margin = Sales – Variable costs Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution / Sales The above calculations therefore focus on the overall fixed and variable costs of the firm while at the same time providing insight into how the costs vary with the output. However, when this technique was developed, firms were more labor intensive and had different manufacturing costs break up. The new firms have more constant costs which normally do not wary because most of the modern organizations are now capital intensive organizations with fixed labor costs. For example, a supervisor may be paid the same wages regardless of the fact that whether the machine works at its full capacity or not. As such many argue that the maximization of the contribution margin may no longer be relevant for the modern organizations. (Luther, and O’Donovan., 1998)... Further, since the capital intensive firms have higher fixed cost ratio in their total cost structure therefore capital intensive firms may not be able to clearly identity their breakeven point based on the CVP analysis as this may be misleading. In a capital intensive firm, more costs goes to the management and operations of the capital intensive equipment with little costs going towards the labor and other overheads. The excessive contribution by the manufacturing overheads therefore makes it irrelevant for the capital intensive firms to actually use the CVP analysis. 2) The traditional theory on corporate finance and accounting suggests that the major task of the managers is to ensure that their actions result into the generation of value for the shareholders. Thus the common objective of the firm or the business has been focused upon the profit maximization and the maximization of the shareholders’ value. Any business activity which does not result into the above two there fore may not be considered as the real objectives of the firm. The traditional accounting therefore seems to portray only the above basic aims of the firm i.e. capturing how value and profitability can be maximized and based on these principles different accounting estimates and procedures are made. The latest trends however suggest that the firm’s only objective cannot be limited to just the maximization of the profits or the shareholders’ value. Now firms also being viewed as larger part of the society with different other objectives too including sustainability of the environment as well as corporate social responsibility.( Islam, and Dellaportas,

The Relationship Between The Big Five Personality Psychology Essay

The Relationship Between The Big Five Personality Psychology Essay Personality traits as the characteristics of a person with consistent patterns of behaviour are undoubtedly playing a significant role in determining a students success in pursuing his or her tertiary education. Therefore, this research aims to investigate and examine the effects of personality traits on the students performance in UTAR Kampar Campus, Perak, Malaysia. As proposed by Costa and McCrae (1992), the Big-Five Personality Traits model has been used in this study whereby the model categorizes humans personality into five factors, namely the Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and lastly Neuroticism. Target population for this research is approximately 408 students and a questionnaire encompassing 3 sections was presented to the respondents. The study subjects were 200 accounting students in UTAR Kampar Campus. For data analysis, the Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis are adopted to determine the relationships bet ween the variables. Overall, completion of this study will provide a guideline as to which traits would be favourable for students to harness so as to achieve better results in tertiary education. Lastly, this study also confirmed the validity and reliability of the Big-Five Personality Traits model as proposed by Costa and McCrae (1992). CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter gives a general idea of this research, where it comprises of seven sections. The research background briefly explains what are personality and students performance. The problem statement is addressed in the second section. Research objectives and research questions are also highlighted in this chapter and lastly, significance of the study, outline of chapter, and conclusion is followed by. 1.1 Research Background When someone talks about students performance, what is it actually refers to? Past studies broadly defined students performance as a pedagogical terminology used to determine learners achievement in formal education while to measure a students performance is only by examinations (Tope, 2011). Apparently, it gives rise to the question of whether what is the definite measurement of it? Is examination the only way to measure a students performance? Does the employers nowadays only concern about students academic achievement? While most employers actually view that way, it would be unfair to only compare a persons past achievement in a sole aspect. Nonetheless, some employers nowadays are different whereby they perceive that a successful student should include academic success, secured position in career field, and ability to apply knowledge and skills in real life (Dean, 1998). Therefore, quantitative measurement such as Grade Point Average (GPA) may not be the only factor to determine a students performance whereby other qualities such as communication skills, leadership, and team performance should also be considered (Sansgiry, Bhosle Sail, 2006). Due to aggressive competitions in business world, employers demand higher requirements in fresh graduates (Maurin, Thesmar Thoenig, 2002; Koda, Yuki Hong, 2011). The criterion includes time management, teamwork and leadership ability (Weligamage Siengthai, 2003). Students possessing such skills are definitely in a better position of securing job opportunities. Therefore, higher attention should be placed on graduate students personality as it affects their employability which in turn influences unemployment rates in Malaysia (Ismail, 2011). On the contrary, when people talks about human personality, what is the first thought that comes into your mind? Most people think that it is the different attitudes or habits that each individual possess. This is known as the individual differences or national characters that differentiate people (Mooradian Swan, 2006). Previous studies clarified that there indeed exist differences in individuals attitude from different countries (Lynn Martin, 1994). A simple example of this is where some people would tend to be more sociable and talkative, and some would be the exact opposite (Wilt Revelle, 2008). Such difference would somehow cause different outcomes in ones education with their future career at stake. While it is difficult to completely define the term personality, Pervins study defined it as the characteristics of a person with consistent patterns of behavior (Saleem, Beaudry Croteau, 2011). Apart from that, recent studies presented that personalities can be branched out to other perspectives such as the biological model of the Big-Five personality traits (DeYoung, Hirsh, Shane, Papademetris, Rajeevan Gray, 2010), and the Dark Triad personality traits (Jonason, Webster, Schmitt, Li Crysel, 2012). Personality is becoming an important factor in various situations (Caspi, Roberts Shiner, 2005) where at working place, a right personality allow workers to interact well with colleagues and clients thus expanding their network span; at university, students are more sociable thus studies in a comfortable environment (Bester, 2007). Furthermore, many human-made issues and criminal cases can be related to the decline in ones personality, in other words, lacks of Personality Development (PoliÃ…Â ¡enskà ½, 2006). Then, Jinnie (2011) stated that a person with good personality will enhance his or her communication skills and anger management. Meanwhile, in managements perspective, a positive personality will aid in clearing workers negative conditioning, anxiety, and depressions in solving problems (Morton, 2011; Brunello Schlotter, 2011). Therefore, personality is an important determinant of career choice (Holland, 1976). In relation to students performance at school or university, prior studies have identified the five personalities that affect students behavior where this in turn affects their performances. In this case, the Big-Five personality model is an effective way to predict an individuals behavior as it has been widely used and proved to be convincing (Noftle Shaver, 2006; Robbins, 2007). 1.2 Problem Statement Students performance has been a questionable factor on the employability of fresh graduates and how well are they satisfying the qualities that the employers looking for (Marshall, 2010). According to Department of Statistic in Malaysia, unemployment rate among fresh graduates has been rising from 2.6% in 1996 to 3.1% in 2011. The Prime Minister of Malaysia also indicated that the highly skilled workforce in 2010 is only 23% where this percentage is still far from the minimum requirement, compared with some of the developing countries (Ramakrishnan Yasin, 2011). In the past decade, there are various studies being carried out by the researchers to examine the effect of students performances using the Big-Five personality traits. Gray and Watson (2002) investigated the connections between personalities and sleep that have the combined effects on students academic outcomes in United States. According to Komarraju, Karau and Schmeck (2009), personality traits are important to improve students self-motivation in attaining higher academic honors. Besides, a study in Iran investigated that students distinct characteristic and personality is one of the variables that affect their academic achievement (Hakimi, Hejazi Lavasani, 2011). On the other hand, Taher, Chen and Yao (2011) studied the relationship between MBA students performance and their personality traits whereas Kalshoven, Hartog and Hoogh (2010) carried out a study on individual leadership skill and used only three out of five of the big-five personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeab leness, and emotional stability). However, there are still some deficiencies in the past empirical researches. The study in Gray and Watson (2002) only focuses on the universitys students in their country, therefore no firm explanations that the results of the past research are valid in Malaysia. Besides, Komarraju et al. (2009) pointed out that the personality of the students is being influenced by the environment as the research was conducted in various universities. In addition, Hakimi et al. (2011)s study is very limited due to the area of research were not conducted in Asia. This indicates that little study has been done on the students in Malaysia. Moreover, the study of Taher et al. (2011) also ignored the other aspects of students performance other than their scores and grades. Lastly, Kalshoven et al. (2010) did not include all of the Big-Five factors of personality traits in their research and this implies that the researchs results and measurements of personality traits may not be accurate. Therefore, this research is carried out to fill the gaps of past researches by investigating the personality traits as the one of the important factors that affects the several aspects of university students performance in Malaysia. 1.3 Research Objectives and Research Questions Table 1.1: Research Objectives and Research Questions Research Objectives Research Questions General Objective In general, this research aims to investigate and examine the relationship of personality traits on the students performance in UTAR. General Question Do personality traits relate to the students performance in UTAR? Specific Objectives To examine the relationship between conscientiousness and students performance in UTAR. To examine the relationship between agreeableness and students performance in UTAR. To examine the relationship between openness to experience and students performance in UTAR. To examine the relationship between extraversion and students performance in UTAR. To examine the relationship between neuroticism and students performance in UTAR. Specific Questions Is there any relationship between conscientiousness and students performance in UTAR? Is there any relationship between agreeableness and students performance in UTAR? Is there any relationship between openness to experience and students performance in UTAR? Is there any relationship between extraversion and students performance in UTAR? Is there any relationship between neuroticism and students performance in UTAR? Source: Developed for the research 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.4.1 Theoretical Perspective From an educational perspective, this research can serve as a basic guideline for future researchers as it is a modified research model in terms of measuring students performance qualitatively. This research also confirmed the previous theory of Five Factor Model of personality traits by Costa and McCrae (1992), thus adding credibility towards the theory. 1.4.2 Practical Perspective From country-wide perspective, students, as the citizens of Malaysia, developing their personality and improving their performance would boost overall capability and reduces unemployment rates in Malaysia as more students will be employed. From the industry perspective, findings from this research may contribute to the employer by providing the basic information on which type of employees personality is preferable. Although it may not be of huge importance, employers should not overlook this aspect in recruitment as employees with great personality will definitely enhance the organizations intellectual use of available human resources. 1.5 Chapter Layout Chapter One covers the introduction of this research which includes research background, problem statement, research objectives and questions, and lastly the significance of this study. Chapter Two explores the core theories by reviewing literatures of past empirical studies and developing theoretical framework and hypotheses. Chapter Three explains the research methodology adopted whereby it includes the research design, population and sampling procedures, data collection and analysis techniques, and variables and measurements. Chapter Four presents the analyzed data and results from the target respondents detailed in descriptive and inferential analysis, and scale measurements. Chapter Five briefly concludes this research as it summarizes the findings from this research and also providing implications, limitations, and recommendations for this research. 1.6 Conclusion This chapter has acknowledged the problem statement, research questions and objectives, significance of the study and the outline of the research project. In Chapter Two, it would then provide the relevant literature review. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction The previous chapter has highlighted the introduction of this research project. This chapter will touch on the literature review of the research. Literature review provides a comprehensive review on the secondary sources of data done by previous authors or researchers such as books, journal articles, thesis papers, research projects, and reports. This chapter embodies five sections. Firstly, Section 2.1 is the review of literature whilst Section 2.2 reviews the prior empirical studies. Then, Section 2.3 shows the proposed theoretical conceptual framework. After that, Section 2.4 is the development of hypotheses. Lastly, Section 2.5 summarizes this chapter to provide a general understanding to the readers. 2.1 Review of the Literature Based on the prior researches, it has been widely accepted that the Big Five Personality Traits by McCrae and Costa (1992), and Digman (1990) can determine ones individual characteristics (Moghaddam, Peyvandi Wang, 2009). In this part, this research will define and explain thoroughly each of these traits to provide for the development of hypotheses for this research and lastly, relating each of them with the students performance. 2.1.1 Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is defined by John and Srivastava (1999) as individual differences in the propensity to be goal directed (Savelyev, 2012). According to Barrick and Mount (1991), traits of conscientiousness includes being dependable, responsible, and organized (Trinh, 2002). More specifically, individual who is measured as high in conscientiousness is determined and strong-willed (Bruck Allen, 2002). 2.1.2 Agreeableness According to Nettle and Liddle (2008), Digmans and Grazianos study suggested that agreeableness is associated to a persons warmth, friendliness and conformance with others. It is also supported by Janss and Rabinowitzs study where traits of agreeableness include unselfishness, friendliness and modesty (Bozionelos, 2003). Thus, people who is high in agreeableness is likely to get along well with others (Judge, Livingston, Hurst, 2011). 2.1.3 Openness to Experience Yamagatas study defined openness to experience as people who are intellectually curious (McCrae Sutin 2009) and individuals who are measured high in openness are curious for inner and outer world (Bruck Allen, 2002). Conversely, low in openness to experience usually have a narrow and common interest and likes to enjoy routine activities (Flynn, 2005). 2.1.4 Extraversion Traits of extraversion can be represented by sociability, assertiveness, and social dominance (Bozionelos, 2003). Judges and Wastsons study also supported that viewpoint as it refers extraversion to sociability (Chan, 2007). In other words, it is a tendency to search for stimulation and to enjoy mingling with other people. 2.1.5 Neuroticism Defined as a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, neuroticism continuum ranges from calm and composed to nervous and anxious (Greenberg Baron, 2008). Eysenck (1967) defines that neuroticism accounts for a low tolerance for stress (Norris, Larsen Cacioppo, 2007). In other words, neurotic people respond poorly to environmental stress, and often interpret ordinary and minor situations as threatening and difficult (Hettema, Neale, Myers, Prescott Kendler, 2006). 2.1.6 The Relationship between the Big-Five Personality Traits and Students Performance Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003) indicated that conscientiousness has a strong direct positive relationship with students academic performance and this is also supported by many existing literatures (Conrad, 2006; Zyphur, Bradley, Landia Thoresen, 2008). However, some showed otherwise as a mediating factor exist (Conrad Patry, 2012). The trait is also able to influence a persons behavior which in turn affects their academic behaviors such as self-efficacy and learning styles (Bong, 2008). Additionally, Laidra, Pullmann and Allik (2006) studied the relationship of personality traits and general intelligence with the students academic performances. The study showed that Conscientiousness has a positive association with academic performance. H1: There is a positive relationship between conscientiousness and students performance. Farsides and Woodfield (2003) indicated that agreeableness is negatively correlated with absence for classes. Furthermore, high attendance in classes and seminars has a positive contribution on students performance (Arulampalam, Naylor Smith, 2008). Nevertheless, Nyugen, Allen Fraccastoro (2005) proposed that there was indirect relationship between agreeableness and students performance as the learning style is the mediating factor (Chamillard Sward, 2005). Students with this trait are able to interact and learn well with others especially in groups; thus, agreeableness also enhanced team cohesion which in turn affected their performance positively (Oneill Kline, 2008). Thus, agreeableness is positively correlated with students performance (Taher Jin, 2011). H2: There is a positive relationship between agreeableness and students performance. Duff, Boyle, Dunleavy and Ferguson (2003) revealed that openness has positive effects on learning approach (deep approach) and such approach is positively related to students performance. Learning approach plays an important role in linking the Big-Five traits with students performance (Cano Berben, 2009; Chamorro-Premuzic et al., 2006). This is further supported by Chamorro-Premuzic, Furnham and Lewis (2006). Furthermore, Furnham, Monsen and Ahmetoglu (2009) proposed that openness had significant relationship with students performance provided the mediator is deep approach. H3: There is a positive relationship between openness to experience and students performance. According to Furnham, Zhang and Chamorro-Premuzic (2006), extraversion can be recognized as a persons interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. Furthermore, extraversion is made up of two central components; affiliation which was having warm personal relationship and agency which was being socially dominant (Bono, 2004). In addition, the most common definitions of extraversion are ascendance and sociability (Mooradian Swan, 2006). Therefore, extraverted individual are more likely to have a desire to work with others and more confident in their ability to work effectively within a team structure. It is essential when an individual is joining a group study and will enhance student performance (Morgeson, Reider, Campion, 2005). In spite of this, students with high extravert personality prefer to be sociable and active in extra-curricular activities rather than focusing on their studies. Thus, students performance would be adversely affected. Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2003) research ed on the relationship of personality traits and students academic performance at University College London and as a result, extraversion was negatively related with students academic performance. H4: There is a negative relationship between extraversion and students performance. Neuroticism may affect a persons ability resulting in poorer academic performance (Chamorro-Premuzic Furnham, 2006; Lievens, Ones Dilchert, 2009). As cited under Ahmad and Rana (2012), many neurotic students suffered higher percentage of failures in examinations because this trait shifts the students concentration away from study due to negative emotions. On the other hand, students who obtained high grades were less associated with anxious emotions (Al-Qaisy Khuffash, 2012; Al-Qaisy, 2011), this suggested students with high grades are good in managing their stress. Nevertheless, Poropat (2011) conducted a research about the use of personality in predicting academic performance and proved that there is significant negative correlation between neuroticism and academic performance. H5: There is a negative relationship between neuroticism and students performance. 2.2 Review of Relevant Theoretical Models 2.2.1 The Big-Five Personality The earliest founders of The Big-Five Theory are Tupes and Christal (1961) as they established the five factors of personality traits that we know today (Busato, Prins, Elshout Hamaker, 1999). Unfortunately, their study was published in an obscure Air-Force publication that was not read by many people, therefore the theory was not widely-known at that time (Locklair, 2011). According to Goldberg (1993), other early explorers of The Big-Five include Borgatta (1964) and Smith (1967) who continued the founders work. The first version of this theory is called  The Big-Five, introduced by  Warren Norman in 1963 (Boeree, 2006). The Big-Five Personality Traits is a comprehensive research which analyzes human personality together with their traits (Digman, 1990). Particularly, a five-dimensional personality traits model is proposed by McCrae and Costa (1992) after studying on the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and its applications. To further understanding humans personality, this study categorized humans personality into five main factors, namely the Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. FFM model dominated the personality field over the past two decades due to its famous recognition as a comprehensive description of personality traits and provided a major degree of convergence in the trait-factor analytic psychology (Nikolaou Robertson, 2001). This study has come across many researches about the Big-Five personality model. Thus, it shows that this model can be used in many areas as it gives us the fasters and accurate way to identify a persons attitudes and behaviors (Pickens, 2005). However, the Big-Five personality model has also been discovered to have effects on social or friendship networking behavior (Wehrli, 2008); in addition that it is also a good predictor for employees job performance (Hurtz Donovan, 2000; Fietze, Holst Tobsch, 2010). Nevertheless, this model can also be applied to almost everyone in this world every individual possess all five personalities of the model to a greater or lesser extent (Soto, Gosling, John, Potter, 2011). Apart from that, the Big-Five model is also applied to the research done by Distel, Trull, Willemsen, Vink, Derom, Iynskey, Martin and Boomsma (2009); studying the five personality traits and nature of personality disorders. Furthermore, in the aspect of employment, studies on the five personalities are also conducted relating to executive mangers job recruitment and fresh graduates (Dykeman Dykeman, 1996). The Big-Five includes Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. As there are many personality-related-researches also utilized this Big-Five model, this study exploit this advantage and uses this model to give us the faster and accurate way to identify a persons attitudes and behaviors (Kumar, Bakhshi Rani, 2009). Hence, this theory will be applied in this research as it is a widely-used theory in evaluating peoples personality (Brown Taylor, 2011; Wood, Linley, Maltby, Baliousis Joseph, 2008). 2.3 Proposed Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Figure 2.1: Relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits to Students Performance Big 5 Personality Traits Independent Variables Dependent Variable Conscientiousness H1 H2 Agreeableness H3 Students Performance Openness to Experience H4 H5 Extraversion Neuroticism Sources: adapted from Taher et al., 2011; Anwar, Shahzed Ijaz-ul-Rehman, 2011; Chen, Tsai Chen, 2009 Based on the literature review, a conceptual framework has been developed and shown in Figure 2.1. This research is conducted to test the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. Whereby, independent variables comprises of conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion and neuroticism, whilst dependent variable is students performance. Previous researches (Nguyen, Allen Fraccastoro, 2005; Chowdhury, 2006) showed that the five factors have produced distinct results. From the proposed conceptual framework, hypotheses will be developed and it is to be proven after completion of a thorough empirical study investigating whether personality traits are related to students performance. 2.4 Hypotheses Development Based on the review of the prior empirical studies discussed at 2.1.6, a summary of the hypotheses development is presented as below. Table 2.1: Development of Hypotheses Personality Traits Hypotheses Conscientiousness H1: There is a positive relationship between conscientiousness and students performance. Agreeableness H2: There is a positive relationship between agreeableness and students performance. Openness to experience H3: There is a positive relationship between openness to experience and students performance. Extraversion H4: There is a negative relationship between extraversion and students performance. Neuroticism H5: There is a negative relationship between neuroticism and students performance. Source: Developed for the research 2.5 Conclusion A review of literature has been carried out in this chapter and it has been discovered that there are different opinions from researchers regarding the relationship between the Big-Five Personality traits with students performance. Besides, an understanding on the Big-Five Personality traits has been done for a clear explanation and how can it be associated with students performance. Then, a conceptual framework has been proposed to show the relationship between each trait with students performance. Finally, hypotheses have been developed based on the literatures reviewed and the discussion for relevant methods to be used in this study will be conducted in the following chapter. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter will address an overview of the research methodology. At the beginning of this chapter, the research design in term of quantity methodology and deductive research approach will be described. Next, the population, sample and sampling procedures would be explained. After that, data collection methods that have been applied which are primary and secondary data collection are discussed. In addition, variable and measurement were also being presented in this chapter. Lastly, data processing and its analysis would be presented to summarize the findings. 3.1 Research Design The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between Big-Five Personality Traits and students performance in UTAR. Primary data collection and survey method were used in this research in which questionnaires will be self-administered because it is affordable and time saving. Based on the purpose of this study, a deductive research approach was adopted. Besides that, a quantitative methodology was employed because it clearly and precisely specifies both variables of the study (Alaxei, 2002). Moreover, this type of research is a descriptive study because it describes and documents on a phenomenon (Johnson, 2001). The research is based on a cross-sectional study due to the time constraint by academic purposes. Hence, investigation was limited to a subset of population only. 3.2 Data Collection Methods 3.2.1 Primary Data Collection For this research, a self-administrated questionnaire is preferred because it provides convenience to both the researchers and respondents. As an effort to establish the validity and reliability of the survey questionnaire, a total of 30 questionnaires were distributed for a pilot test to check the questionnaires understandability (Black, 2008). After that, questionnaires were distributed to 270 respondents whereby they are expected to complete it under researchers supervisory within twenty minutes and returned to ensure no missing questionnaires. 3.2.2 Secondary Data Collection Secondary data collection involves the literatures review on related past studies (Daas Toth, 2012). This method is vital because relying on primary data collection is not adequate to complete this research (Sandall, Schwartz Lacroix, 2004). Besides, review on literatures also allows the researchers a better understanding on the topic and able to prove the hypotheses developed earlier (Bailey, 2006). 3.3 Sampling Design 3.3.1 Target Population Target population is a complete collection group of objects or people that are specifically identified for an investigation (Wang, 2007). Final year accounting undergraduates in UTAR, Kampar Campus were the target respondents for this research as there is no personality-related study addressing the wide aspects of students performance carried out in this university, hence this university is targeted to examine the relationships between the five factor model of personality traits and students performance. Previous personality-related researches only studied the relationships between personality and perceived benefits on e-ticketing behaviour, and also personality and social networking behavior. Undergraduate students tend to have a higher proficiency in English language, thus they would understand this researchs survey better. Moreover, another reason is that labor market is new to fresh accounting graduate as they will be joining the labor force soon and thus it is emerging trend for the employers to seek high performances, vital interpersonal skills and personality development among the undergraduates (Lim, 2011; Sirat, Chan, Shuib, Rahman, Kamil, Singh, 2012). Besides, Lim (2007) found out that the accounting students in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) would have higher unemployment probability. This highlights that there might be a chance of UTAR accounting students facing the same problem since the competition for best and talented accounting graduates is getting more intense especially in large accounting firm (Brundy Norris, 2011). Therefore, it is interested to investigate the connection between personality traits and students performance in which will affects their employability in future. 3.3.2 Sampling Frame and Sampling Location According to Thompson (1999), sampling is necessary as it is too expensive and impractical to study on every single element in the population. However, sampling frame for this research could not be obtained as the students full details cannot be disclosed due to the universitys privacy policy. Final year accounting undergraduates in UTAR, Kampar Campus were the target respondents for this research because it is convenient and easier to be contacted for researchers (Loh, 2011). The popu